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(No Model.) w a Sheets-Sheet 1 '0. D. ORVIS. STEAM BOILER AND OTHERFURNACES.

Patented Dec. 5, 1882.

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INVENTOR:

WITNESSES:

By 121'; Atzo'rn eys, 5mm a a/am w W. PETERS. PlmlrLRhugrapher,Washingmn, 11C.

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 O. D. ORVIS.

- STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES. No. 268,720.

Patented Dec. 5,1882.

Fig. 4;-

INVENTOR:

By his Attorneys,

59mm 3 /L04QA/\ 1 N PETERS, Plmiolllhognphur, Wnlhinglon. D. C.

(No Model.) a Sheets-Sheet 3.

0. D. ORVIS. STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES.

No. 268,720. Patented Do. 5. 1882.

WiTNESSES: INVENTORJ Wm @rul (Drum, @11 By his flttarneys,

N. PETERS Phowhmagnphnr. washir lon, ma

UNITED STATES PATENT Enron.

. oEEL D. ORVIS, on NEW. YORK, N. Y.

STEAM-BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 268,720, dated December5, 1882. Application filed August 31, 1882. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, OREL D. Davis, a citizen of the United States, andresiding in the city, county, and State of New York, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Steam-Boiler and other Furnaces,of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to furnaces in which are arranged a series of pipesopening into the fire-chamber above the burning fuel, through whichpipes are introduced with considerable force combined jets of steam andair, designed to commingle with the heated gases arising from thefire-bed and supply the requisite oxygen and hydrogen for consuming saidgases and promoting perfect combustion.

ln efforts to promote perfect combustion practical experiment hasdemonstrated that the injection of jets of combined steam and air inclose proximity to and in a horizontal plane over the burning fuel in afurnace produces the best effects; but usually the air-current suppliedis at a normal temperature as it comes in contact with the steam beforethe two are combined and injected into the furnace, and the result isthat the temperature of the steam is somewhat reduced. Hence thecombinedjet of steam and air when entering the furnace is not at as higha temperature as it should be to effectually com mingle with and ignitethe gases. This reduction in temperature of the jet correspondinglyreduces the temperature of the gases, or rising products of combustion,as they are more properly termed, which should not be the case, at leastto any marked degree, for such gases will only ignite when at a veryhigh temperature-in fact, so high that they are chilled below it beforecoming in contact with the crown-sheets of a boiler, where they form astratum, seriously obstructing the effectiveness of the burning fuel.Experiment has also demonstrated that it is not only necessary to havethe proper proportion of steam and air composing the jets, but that thevolume of the 5 jets should be increased or diminished proportionatelyto the area and intensity of heat of the firebed-as, for instance, whenfiring up, and fresh fuel is added to an incandescent bed of coals, thecombustion of the fresh fuel is much more rapid than that of theincandescent bed. Hence the volume of the jet should be increasedcorrespondingly to efficiently consume the rapidly rising products ofcombustion,

while on the other hand such a volume from the jets on the incandescentbed would be unnecessary and consequently a waste of steam. It is notonly desirable in steam-boiler furnaces to prevent smoke and the escapeof noxious gases by consuming the waste products of combustion, but togenerate the greatest volume of steam with .the least amount of fuel.Hence economizing the steam employed to promote combustion is adesirable end to attain.

The objects of my invention are therefore to provide means forregulating and more nearly supplying the requisite proportions andvolume of steam and air to a furnace to heat the air before its contactwith the steam; to effectually and thoroughly commingle the steam andair of the jet with and ignite the rising and otherwise waste productsof combustion from the fire-bed, and thereby attain a combustion sonearly perfect as to effectually prevent the formation of smoke and theescape from the furnace of gases deleterious to health and comfort ofthe persons in the vicinity of the furnace; to produce a maximum amountof steam with a minimumiamount of fuel; and, finally, to not onlyeconomically heat the air before contact with the steam-jet, but at thesame time to obviatethe noise usually attending the rushing of the airto the furnace. l attain these objects by devices illustrated in theaccompanying drawings, in which- Figure lis avertical section, cutintheplane of the line 1 1 in Fig. 2, of a vacuum-chamber forming a partof my invention. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of the same, cut on theline 2 2 in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a vertical longitudinal section, taken onthe line 3 3 in Fig. 4, of a stationary boiler and furnace of theordinary construction and embodying my invention. Fig. 4 is ahorizontalsection of the same, cut on the line 4 4 therein. ofa Lancashire boilerand furnace embodying my invention, and Fig. 6 a vertical longitudi nalsection of a locomotive-boiler embodying my invention.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, A represents a rectangular box, forming avacuum-chamber, provided with a hinged lid or cover, a, for convenientaccess to the same, and with an inverted-T-shaped chamber, d, oneopening of which is upon the top of the vacuum-chamber and the other,two upon the outer and inner sides of the front ends of thevacuum-chamber,

Fig. 5 is a front elevation the inner openings having projectingenlargements or shoulders, into which are screwed steam-jet nipples B B,which project in a horizontal plane beyond the center of the boxand in aline coinciding with the center of the discharge-nozzles or inlet-pipesDD. The outer side openings of the chambers 61 are closed byscrew-threaded plugs c, and the vertical openings connecting the twojet-nipples B B are tapped by a steam-pipe, 0, having a regulating-cock,and entering the upper portion of the boiler or the dome, so as to takeoff only dry steam, which is best adapted for the purposes for which itis especially employed. The particular form of the chambers 66 providesfor conveniently casting them with the vacuum-chamber, and for securingthe steampipe jets and plugs so as to be removed at any time forrepairs, or for removing any foreign substances which may accumulate inthe chambers d or the jets.

Inlet-pipes D D are embedded in a horizontal plane in the front Wall, E,of the furnace and well toward the sides of the same, but project oneach side of the wall to provide for the attachment of thevacuum-chamber, into which they enter, and are held by set-screws e 0,(see Fig-2,) the pipes D projecting on the inner side of the wall in aline parallel with the sides of the furnace, and the pipes D convergingtoward each other, so that their jets will intersect at the point so atthe center of widthofbutslightly beyondthe centeroflength of grate-barsf. (See Fig. 4.) In this connection it may be added that one or morevacuumchambers may be arranged intermediate the two shown 'near thesides of the furnace, and provided with diverging inlet-pipe's--as,forinstance, a vacuum-chamber arranged between the furnace-doors shownin Fig. 4 to throw jets, as indicated in dotted lines-and I do nottherefore limit myself to any particular number, although it isessential for practical purposes that at least two should be employedtoward the respective sides of the furnace. This arrangement of aVacuum-chamber with diverging jets intermediate between the chambers atthe sides the better assures the admixture of the gases arising from'thefire-bed near its front and center with the combined steam and air ofthe jets.

By having the straight inlet-pipe D next the sides of the furnace I amenabled to supply the rising products of combustion along the sides ofthe furnace with the necessary oxygen and hydrogen to cause them toignite, which gases would otherwise ascend to the space existing betweenthe sides of the boiler and the furnace, where, becoming chilled, wouldescape from the furnace in the form of smoke and gases, while theconverging pipes serve to supply a double amount of steam and air overthecentral and hottest portion of the furnace, and especially at thepoint 00,;where combustion is more rapid and the products at a highertemperature than at any other point.

It will be observed by referring to that the inlet-pipes are arranged ina plane on about the top of the bridge-wall g, and while thisarrangement is preferable for the reason that the rising productsescaping over the top of the bridge-wall are the hottest of the escapingproducts, hence more readily ignited by the jets, I do not limit myinvention to this exact arrangement of the inlet-pipes,for they may bearranged below the top of the bridgewall, though preferably above, forthe reason stated, and for the further reason that the draft of thefurnace is augmented. As before intimated, the best effects are attainedby the arrangement of the inletpipes in a plane above and in closeproximity to the burning fuel upon the grate-bars; but this, with theother effects just mentioned, may be produced by having the bridge-wallextending above the grate-bars a height corresponding with thecontemplated depth of fuel to be employed.

By having a common vacuum-chamber for the two inlet-pipes D D acorresponding saving in material and number of vacuum-chambers isattained,and, furthermore, less space on the front of the furnace for agiven number of inlet-pipes is required for the vacuum-chamber.

Tapped in to the bottom of the vacuum-chamber, and directly under therespective jets B B, are air-supply pipes E, which, passing verticallydown the front of the furnace, enter the ash-pit I of the same under thegrate-bars and project toward the bridge-wall, in front of which theyopen. These inlet-pipes,in entering the ash-pit, project respectivelyinto a casing or pipes, J, closed at theirinner ends and opening uponthe outside of the front of the furnace, said casings formin g ductsthrough which the air is first passed and heated before entering theair-inlets, the heated air in its passage,- and also the radiation ofheat from the casing, in turn heating the inlet-pipe, thereby raisingthe air to a very high temperature before contact with the steam-jet towhich the air is drawn, owing to the vacuum created in thevacuum-chamber by the steam rushing from the jets to the inlet-pipes. Itwill be observed that the pipe J is made but very little larger than isnecessary to permit the air-pipes E to pass freely into it. The objectof this is to reduce the cross-sectional area of the passage around theinner pipes, so that the volume of air may be brought more thoroughlyand completely into contact with the exterior pipe. In this connectionitmay be noted that by having the jets extending over the air-supplypipes toward the rear of the vacuumchamber that portion of the chambertoward the butts of the jets is made to contain a vacuum in excess ofwhat there would be if shorter nipples were employed, and as a result agreater volume of air under a stronger pressure is forced in to thefurnace with a given amount of steam.

So far as heating the air in the air-supply pipe is concerned, the sameresult may be ob- Fig. 3 l tained by bending the pipe upon itself andre- I of heat in the turning the end toward'the front of the furnace;but by employing the casing several highly important results areobtaiuedname- 1y, that of protecting the inlet-pipe from the destructiveinfluences of the heat, of rendering it less liable to become cloggedwith foreign substances, and principally that of dead-y ening the noisecaused by the air rushing into the inlet-pipe, for, as. will be seen,the air must first reach the rear portion of the ashpit or closed end ofthe casing before becoming subject to this objection. Hence the noisecreated is deadened inside-of thefuruace, and thereby affords little orno annoyance to the attendant.

The casing J may project into or through the bridge-wall, if desired,and instead of being suspended in the ash-pit may be embedded in thewalls of the furnace, or in divisionwalls dividing the ash-pit andsupporting two or more sets of grate-bars arranged side by side, asfrequently happens in the larger class of furnaces, or in any otherconvenient manner to efi'ectually heat the air before entering theair-supply pipe; but ordinarily the degree ash-pit is suflicient forthis purposeif the casing is suspended sufficientlyclose to thegrate-bars. By heating the air before contact with the steam'the jet inthe furnace is at a higher degree of heat than if the air were taken atits normal temperature. Hence the jet more readily commingles with andigbites the rising products than if at a lower temperature. Consequentlythere is no perceptible escape of gases or smoke from the furnace.

My invention is particularly adapted to furnaces in which anthracite orhard coal is em ployed, for while there is little or no smoke the volumeof gases is very great, and I am not only enabled to consume thesegases, but to effectually provide a draft successfully operating, whichwould not be the case if the air injected were not at the normaltemperature, and even though partially heated by the jet of steam.

In Fig. 5 is illustrated the adaptation of my invention to a Lancashireboiler, showing double jets upon each side of the two furnacedoors.

I have also shown in Fig. 6 the adaptation of my invention to alocomotive fire-box, but desire to have it understood that it is equallyapplicable to any furnace, whether or not a boiler is used, though inthe latter case a steam-generator should be employed and connected withthe jet in the furnace.

Having thus described my invention, 'what I claim, and desire to secureby Letters Patent, is-

1. Thecombination,with theinlet-pipesDD, the airsupply pipes, and theintermediate vacuum-chamber connecting said pipes, of a casing or pipeprojecting into the ash-pit and forming an air-chamber into which theinletpipe projects, substantially as described.

2. The combination, with'a furnace, of a vac uum-chainber, twosteam-jets projecting into the same, and two inlet-pipes opening intoand at difierent angles to the furnace, and two or more air-supplypipes, all arranged and operated substantially as described.

3. As a means for heating theair to be sup terior and exterior pipes maybe the better" heated, substantially as set forth.

4. The combination, with a furnace, of ajet apparatus comprising avacuum box or chamber provided with a steam-inlet and nipple, a

discharge-nozzle arranged opposite the nipple and opening into thefurnace, an air-supply pipe, and a receiviugcham her or pipe arrangedbelow the furnace-grate and receiving the airsupply pipe, saidreceiving-pipe having its inner end closed and its outer open endprojecting through the furnace-wall, whereby the induced current of airis heated, all combined and arranged substantially as set forth.

5. The combination, with a furnace, of the two jet apparatus, eachcomprising two steamjets, two air-pipes, and two discharge-nozzlesopening into the furnace, and said jet apparatus arranged at the sidesof the furnace in front, with two of their discharge-nozzles arranged soas to cause the jets to intersect about at the point 00, and twodirected back, as shown, substantially as and for the purposes setforth.

6. The combination, witha furnace, oftwojet apparatus, each comprisingtwo steam-jets, two air-pipes, and two discharge-nozzles opening intothe furnace, said jet apparatus being arranged at the sides of thefurnace in front, with two of their discharge-nozzles arranged so as tocause the jets to intersect-about at the point x, and two directed back,as shown, and an intermediate jet apparatus comprising also twosteam-jets, two air-pipes, and two discharge-nozzles, the latterarranged so as to cause the jets to diverge and cross the convergingjetsfrom the other jet apparatus, substantially as shown and specified.

7. The box A, provided with a hinged cover, with nipples b b, withscrew-plugs 0 c, with apertures to receive the ends of the nozzles D,fixed in the furnace-front, and with set-screws e to secure said box tothe said nozzles, all constructed and arranged substantially as setforth.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of twosubscribing witnesses. OREL D. ORVIS.

Witnesses:

E. D. GRANT, W. B. HALSEY.

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